Revolutionizing HR in Business Management Through Transformative Power of Design Thinking

 

The integration of Design Thinking into Human Resources (HR) represents a transformative force in modern business management. This paper explores the impactful fusion of Design Thinking and Human Resources (HR) within contemporary business management, showcasing its transformative influence on organizational growth. Design Thinking, rooted in understanding, observation, empathy, ideation, prototyping, and testing, offers a novel perspective on complex HR challenges. Real-world examples highlight its effectiveness in HR contexts.

Globalization, political shifts, and technological advancements shape organizational landscapes, posing challenges, especially for smaller entities with limited resources hindering employee skill development. Comprehensive training emerges as vital for growth in such contexts.

Design thinking is a problem-solving approach that prioritizes empathy for the end-user, encouraging a deep understanding of their needs and experiences. It typically involves a cyclical process of stages, including empathizing with users, defining the core problem, ideating to generate multiple solutions, prototyping to visualize ideas, testing to gather feedback, and implementing the final solution. This iterative and human-centered process fosters creativity, collaboration, and innovation, allowing for the development of effective and user-focused solutions to complex challenges.

Figure 1 Design Thinking Process • Understanding: Understanding of HR practices, Technology, Human Preferences, and, trends.

• Observation: 360-degree observation is done i.e., the physical workspace, individuals, and the activities they are engaged in.
• Empathy: Empathizing with stakeholders needs & challenges. This phase cultivates in-depth comprehension of the issues at hand and the stakeholders impacted by them.
• Problem Definition: Process of articulating clear, precise & comprehensive problem/possibility statement from a holistic perspective.
• Ideation: Is a systematic procedure of generating plethora of ideas. A wide spectrum of ideas are contemplated, both radical and incremental, finally selecting the top ideas.
• Prototyping: This is the development of a model/concept of the proposed idea. In order to bring ideas to the real world for the real people. Leading solution and action plans.
• Testing: The iterative process of Design Thinking is consistently applied until solution is accepted

by the stakeholders through rapid prototyping and testing the viability of the solution.

 

In the contemporary business landscape, the role of employees as star-performers has become pivotal in driving innovation and ensuring the seamless operation of Human Resource Management Systems (HRMS). This trend is fostering the development of cutting-edge products and services that not only streamline HR processes but also significantly enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the workforce. Moreover, in response to the evolving demands of the workforce, organizations are increasingly focusing on crafting a comprehensive employee value proposition, aiming to cultivate an engaging, adaptive, and innovative work culture that mitigates job dissatisfaction and reduces attrition rates. This paradigm shift within HR is further amplified by the integration of emerging technologies into best HR practices, thereby enabling businesses to stay ahead in the dynamic landscape of globalization and adapt to the growing demand for hyper-personalization in the workplace.

Following are the Research objectives:

• Employees being star-performers, creating products & services easing the HRMS, enhancing efficiency & effectiveness of workforce
• Developing a comprehensive employee value-proposition, creating more engaging, adaptive & innovative work-culture, reducing job dissatisfaction, attrition
• Integrating emerging-technologies to HR best practices
• Globalization
• Hyper-personalization

 

The research methodology adopted constituted a fusion of qualitative and quantitative research design. A select cohort of students, immersed in the realm of Design Thinking, underwent both collective and individual questioning sessions. Progressing through each phase, the students were interviewed to elucidate their evolving comprehension of the organizational paradigm. During the observational phase, the students were tasked with constructing canvases, extracting insightful observations from their field experiences. In the empathy phase, personas and journey maps were crafted, supplemented by in-depth interviews uncovering latent perspectives. Articulating problems with precision, the students harnessed various tools to generate viable solutions, culminating in the prototyping stage. Rigorous testing with stakeholders ensued, ultimately yielding a comprehensive solution and a strategic action plan.

The teams came up with the following solutions:

Figure 2 Team one’s Problem, Solution representation on the core issue of Talent retention

Figure 3 Team one’s Prototypes and Solutions to the HR challenge

 

Figure 3 Team two’s Problem Statement, and the proposed EVP

 

Figure 4 Team Two’s prototype as a Gamified Onboarding for HR

 

Other teams worked on the following:

Performance enhancement of work force (client centric workforce) by 10%

Solution: One team talked with the client work team -> and co-ordinated with the development team. They brought internal teams together. Four generations working under the same roof. Where the mental models were studied of various generations related to professional work, environment, team work, suggestions of clarity on expectations, transparency among all generations. E.g., younger generations referred PB work, while other wanted KRA based work

Solution: They brought about transparency and awareness among all

Figure 5 Action Plan presented by one of the teams

The following results were derived after a detailed conversation with the students, and after the group presentations they gave to summaries their reflections on the project that used design thinking. They gained the following

1. Improved creativity and the ability to generate innovative ideas.
2. Strengthened teamwork skills, facilitating the maximization of each team member’s potential.
3. Implemented structure and organization in project development and execution.
4. Instilled a human-centric approach to problem-solving and project development.
5. Enhanced cognitive flexibility, problem identification, and creative problem-solving abilities.
6. Developed the capacity to function cohesively and effectively as a team.
7. Recognized the significance of active listening, observation, and embracing diverse perspectives for a comprehensive understanding of organizational challenges.
8. Applied unconventional thinking to generate unique and effective solutions.
9. Acquired skills in effectively presenting project proposals to stakeholders, articulating the core problem and the proposed solution.
10. Recognized the broad applicability of design thinking as a problem-solving tool in various aspects of life, including professional settings, academic environments, and everyday situations, emphasizing its promotion of divergent and lateral thinking skills.

It is true that problem-solving, decision-making, and creative thinking are highly valued skills in the modern business world, and companies seek managers who possess these skills. However, it is also true that these skills are not always adequately cultivated in management education programs. This leaves many budding managers lacking in these important skills when they enter the workforce. To address this issue, it is essential to take a practical and hands-on approach to management education. Design Thinking approach can help students develop the 21st-century managerial skills that are in high demand in the job market.

One of the benefits of design thinking for management education is that it provides a structured approach to problem-solving that is adaptable to various contexts. It encourages managers to take a user-centered perspective, which involves understanding the needs, desires, and motivations of stakeholders, including customers, employees, and partners. By doing so, managers can create products and services that better meet the needs of their target audience. Another advantage of design thinking is that it fosters creativity and innovation. It encourages managers to challenge assumptions, take risks, and explore new possibilities. By using design thinking, managers can generate novel and effective solutions to complex problems, which can lead to competitive advantages and increased profitability.

Design thinking is practiced not only by designers but also by those who want to know their customers, their problems and those that can be sorted using creativity. This was first practiced by David Kelley, Professor at Stanford University – cofounder of IDEO,  in the year 2003.

The Evolution of Management: A Comparison of Past and Present Practices

The traditional approach to management education has focused mainly on concepts and theories, with little emphasis on practical skills and real-world applications. In the modern business world, there are three major things that industry needs from managers, ability to fulfil the expectations, needs, and desires of customers, as this century’s emphasis is all about user experience, ability to leverage technology and innovation to create new products, services, and business models, companies that can harness technology effectively can gain a significant competitive advantage. Finally, managers need to have the skills of compassion, creativity, and collaboration to thrive in the 21st century.

Out performance by Companies using Design Thinking

It has been seen that design-driven companies have outperformed other companies in terms of financial performance, innovation, and customer satisfaction. According to the DMI Design Value Index, which tracks the performance of design-driven companies, these companies have consistently outperformed the S&P 500 index over the past 10 years by a margin of over 200%. This is because design thinking can help companies develop innovative products and services that meet the needs and desires of customers, and create a positive user experience.

 

Figure 1 Brown, T. (2008) Design Thinking, Harvard Business Review

• Desirability is a critical factor in the success of any product or service. By using design thinking, companies can take a user-centered approach to product development, which involves understanding the desires of their customers.
• Feasibility is a critical factor in the success of any business. It is important to have the right resources, infrastructure, technology, and processes in place to support the business objectives. A company that is not feasible will not be able to sustain itself in the long run.
• Viability is a crucial aspect too of any business, and it includes financial sustainability, profitability, and growth. A business needs to be financially viable to sustain and grow in the long run. This involves managing costs, generating revenue, attracting investment, and creating value for shareholders.

Innovative Management through Design Thinking Strategies

When all management schools are looked globally following are the unmet needs:

1. Lack of identifying, analysing and practicing how best to manage when faced with economic, institutional and cultural differences
2. Understanding leadership skills, developing alternative approaches of inspiring, influencing and guiding
3. Thinking about issues/unstructured situations from variety of perspectives in order to frame problems
4. Influencing others and getting things done in context of hidden agendas, rules, political partnerships and POVs.
5. Understanding, synthesizing, and filtering large amount of ambiguous data, generating ideas, experimenting ongoing and learning.
6. Thinking critically and communicating clearly.
7. Lack of understanding the roles, responsibilities and purpose of business as per different stakeholders
8. Lack of understanding the limits of models and markets

 

 

Navigating the Stages of the Design Thinking Process

Figure 2 Stanford Design Thinking Process

Empathy is a key part of the Design Thinking process, and it involves understanding the needs of the stakeholders that are affected by the problem. Ethnography is one approach to empathizing with stakeholders, where the design team plunges into the stakeholder’s environment. The ethnography study can be done by conducting interviews in order to gain the insights of the stakeholders.

The Define stage in the Design Thinking process involves Design Thinkers synthesize all of the information they have gathered. They must analyze the data, identify patterns and themes, and synthesize this information into a concise and actionable problem statement. This process of defining requires critical thinking i.e., decision-making.

The ideation stage in the Design Thinking process is often seen as the most exciting and enjoyable stage, as it involves generating a wide range of creative and innovative ideas. Design Thinkers use a variety of tools and techniques to stimulate their creativity and generate new ideas. Students develop the ability of innovation using lateral and divergent thinking and tools to generate ideas.

The refinement and   through prototyping happens next with user testing. The testing stage lets them iterate the prototype with their stakeholders.

 

Cultivating a Managerial Mindset

As budding managers, students need to develop a designer mindset, not just managerial. This means approaching problems with a beginner’s mindset, being open to new ideas and possibilities, and being willing to experiment and iterate to find the best solution. To be successful in today’s business world, managers need to be able to navigate a complex and ever-changing landscape. They need to be able to deal with people and emotions, as well as data and analytical tools. They need to be able to balance creativity and logical thinking, and be able to adapt their mindset as needed to meet the demands of the situation. By cultivating a design thinking mindset and culture, students can develop the skills they need to be successful managers in the 21st century. Organizations need managers who can understand the emotions, creativity in generating ideas to solve problmes, handle chaos and experiences of the customers and at the same time use analytical tools & techniques, logical thinking, analysis & synthesis, decision making.

 

“Harmonizing Heritage: Bridging the Past and Present through a Comparative Study of Ancient Rajya Vyavastha and Current Management Principles using Design Thinking”

This Research paper presents a comparative analysis of the ancient Rajya Vyavastha system and current management principles based on design thinking. Ancient Rajya Vyavastha, also known as ancient Indian governance system, refers to the political, administrative, and social structures. Rajya Vyavastha was a comprehensive system that encompassed various aspects of governance, including the principles of leadership. Design thinking is a process with stages of understanding, observation, empathy, problem definition, ideation, prototyping & testing. Drawing upon research and analysis, this comparative study identifies commonalities and disparities between Rajya Vyavastha and current management principles. It investigates various dimensions, such as decision-making processes, organizational structures, stakeholder engagement, and problem-solving methodologies.

INTRODUCTION

The ancient education system and the Rajya Vyavastha were intricately intertwined, forming the pillars of the society. The ancient education system, based on the gurukul tradition, nurtured students into academic knowledge but also in moral values, customs, and traditions. It instilled a sense of discipline and self-reliance. This holistic approach to education aimed at producing well-rounded individuals.

Overview of Ancient Indian Education System & Ancient Rajya Vyavastha

The traditional education system, characterized by confined classroom spaces, primarily focuses on acquiring information. The beauty of this system lay in its autonomy, as the society refrained from interfering with the curriculum, teaching methods, and the process of acquiring knowledge. Ancient India embraced both formal and informal modes of education. As time progressed, the education system underwent a significant transformation. Modern-day education emphasizes interdisciplinary approaches and practical applications. Ancient Rajya Vyavastha was characterized by a hierarchical structure and a set of principles that guided the functioning of the state. The administration was organized into various departments/ministries, each headed by a minister who assisted the king in decision-making and policy implementation. The ancient Rajya Vyavastha played a crucial role in maintaining social order, promoting economic prosperity, fostering a harmonious and inclusive society.

Modern Management Principles

 

Figure 1 Current management principles.

COMPARATIVE STUDY

 

Table 1 Similarities between Ancient Education System & Current Management Principles

Table 2 Dissimilarities between Ancient Education System & Current Management principles

Table 3 Similarities between Ancient Rajya Vyavastha & Current Management Principles

Table 4 Dissimilarities between Ancient Rajya Vyavastha & Current Management Principles

DESIGN THINKING TOOLS

Table 5 How Design Thinking Tools work in context to the Ancient Rajya Vyavastha & Current

Management Principles

CONCLUSION

The study has highlighted the enduring principles of effective leadership, decision-making, and fostering innovation, which are evident in both ancient and modern management approaches. We have gained a deeper understanding of the timeless principles that underpin successful governance and management. By blending the wisdom of the past with the tools and insights of the present, we can cultivate effective leaders and foster a culture of innovation, creating a success future for organizations and societies as a whole.